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  Ethno Cultural Dictionary
[qaγan] қаған
A title of an individual, the highest governor of the military-political power of nomadic society. The lord of all governors of small families to large associations. The khan of khans. A kagan united the Turkic El (empire) and individually ruled it. A kagan was envoy of Tengri (the sky), its good fortune, created by its image and similarity. It was the power core, the most higher governor. Thus, orders and decisions of a kagan should be carried out implicitly as it was a sentence of the Tengri envoy.
Under the direct power of a kagan was the middle wing “ič” (an internal part), and the three wings («ič, toles, tardush») coped by beks (noblemen) like yabgu, shad, tarhans, bujruqs and tegins.
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This word is found in following inscriptions
Ел Етміш Білге қағанның (Тариат//Тэрх) екінші бітіктасы
1

Teŋiride: bolmuš: El Etmiš Bilge: qaγan: El bilge: qatun: qaγan atïγ qatun atïγ atanïp: Őtüken kedïn učinta: Tez bašinta: örügün ......(čit) anta jaratïtdïm: barš yïlqa yïlan yïlqa: eki yïl

Күлтегiн ғұрыптық кешені және бiтiктасы
4

kergek: bolmus: yoγučï: sïγïtčï: öŋre: kün: toγusïqta138 : Böküli: Čölüg el139 :Tabγač: Tüpüt140 : Apar 141 :Purum142 :Qïrqïz143 : Üč Qurïqan146 :Otuz Tatar144 : Qïtaň 145: Tatabi147 : bunča: budun: kelipen: sïγïtamïs: yoγulamïs: antïγ: külüg: qaγan: ermis: anta kisre: inisi: qaγan:

They (the lords) thus passed away (lit.: 'flied away to Tengri'). As mourners and laments there came from the east, the representatives of the people of the Böküli Čölüg (Korea), Tabγač (Chinese), Avar, Rome, Kirgiz, Uc-Quriqan, Otuz-Tatar, Qitaŋ and Tatabi, this many people came and mourned and lamented. So famous kagans were they. Then the younger brothers became kagans,
Бiлге қаған ғұрыптық кешені және бітіктасы
1

Teŋіriteg: Тeŋiri: yaratmïš: Türük: Bilge: qaγan: sabїm: aqanїm: Türük: Bil/ge: qaγan: bödüke: olurtum:/anta: їmtї: al… tїsї er: Toquz Oγuz: eki Ediz ker külüg:begleri budunї: ......Türük: Тeŋiri:...

I Tengri-like and Tengri born in Turkic Kagan, mounted the throne. All of you, my close people…, Nine Oguzes, Two Edizes, valorous lords (beks), my nation … Turkic Tengri … hear my words…
Тұнық-ұқ ғұрыптық кешені және бiтiктасы
9

körüg: sabïntaγ: Toquz Oγuz: budun: öze: qaγan: olurtï ter: Tabγačγaru: Qunï Seŋünig: ïdmïs: Qïtañγaru: Toŋra Semig: ïdmïs: sab anča ïdmïs: azqïŋa: Türük

The messenger’s words were as follows: “A kagan came to the throne of Nine Oguzes people. He sent Kuny Sengun to Tabgach (China). He sent Tonra Semik to Kitan. He sent them with the following words: Turks are few now,
Mainz 167 (T I D x 20)
2

... : q(a)n : q(a)g(a)n : ...

«Тэсийн» бітіктасы
7

Teŋiri:qïlïntuqda: Uyγur qaγan: olurmuš: Bökü Uluγ qaγan

... Then, in ancient times, when Tengri created… Uigur kagan sat on the throne, he was wise and great kagan.
See also Old Turk and Kazak dictionary.
The basic idea of creating the electronic historical and cultural fund was based on issue of The Oriental Studies Section of The Institute of Oriental Studies named after Suleimenov in 2005 under the govermental program "Cultural Heritage": "Қазақстан тарихы туралы түркі деректемелері" сериясының 2-томы Н.Базылхан "Көне түрік бітіктастары мен ескерткіштері (Орхон, Енисей, Талас)" Алматы: Дайк-Пресс. 2005, 252 б. +144 бет жапсырма.
Chief Editors:
doctor of history sciences Prof. M.Abuseitova
doctor of philology sciences Prof. B.Bukhatuly.
We appreciate The Director of The Institute of Oriental Studies Meruert Abuseitova for her help.


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