Location

The Baibalyq fortress is located on the coast of the Selenga river, in 11 km to the west of Khutag Ondor sum of Bulgan aimag at N49º23´38´´ - E102º30´21´´, 1127 m above the sea level.

North latitude – 49 023’38” , East longtitude – 102 030’21” 1127 m. above the sea level , 11 km to the west of Khutag Ondor sum of Bulgan Aimak on the coast of the Selenga river.

Specification

El Etmish Bilge Kagan (ruled in 747-759) as it written in the stele says : “I ordered Sogdians and Chinese to build city Baibalyq”.

The Baibaliq Fortress (the local population calls it Byibulag) constructed by Sogdian and Chinese people by order of El-Eltemish, Uigur Kagan.

Size

1st fortress: 238х235х378х232 m, 2nd fortress: 142х149х158х149 m, 3rd fortress: 329х314х332х320 m

Researches

S.V.Kiselyov, H.Perlee conducted excavations in 1949. Descriptions of this fortress published S.G.Klyashtornyi in 1975⁴⁶², J.S.Hudjakov published in 1982 and 1986⁴⁶³. Mongolian and Japanese scientists D.Bayar, N.Shirayshi, T.Battulga⁴⁶⁴ conducted special researches in the fortress in 1996-1998. They made topographical portrayals, measurements of three constructions, collected and elevated archeological relics. They made drawings of 4 lion statues and collected general information on the fortress place and its structure. Basing on these researches, well-known Mongolian archeologist D.Bayar has published a scientific article about the Baibalyq fortress ⁴⁶⁵.

Reference: [462] [X]

Кляшторный С.Г. Древние города Монголии. Древние города. Материалы к Всесоюзной конференции «Культура Средней Азии и Казахстана в эпоху раннего средневековья» (Пенджикент,октябрь 1977г. ). Л., 1977. С.65.

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Reference: [463] [X]

Худяков Ю.С. Памятники уйгурской культуры в Монголии. Центральная Азия и соседние территорий в средние века. Новосибирск, 1990. С. 84-89.

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Reference: [464] [X]

Provisional report of researches on historical sites and inscriptions in Mongolia from 1996 to 1998 . Edited by Takao Moriyasu and Ayudai Ochir. The Society of Central Eurasian Studies, Toyonaka, Osaka University, 1999. Бийбулагийн балгасыг судласан хээрийн шинжилгээний хэсгийн тайлан. Д.Баяр, Н.Ширайши, Ц.Баттулга ТХГБС. УБ., 1998.

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Reference: [465] [X]

Баяр Д. Уйгурын Байбалык хотын тухай тэмдэглэл / Studia Archeologica. T.I (XXI), F. 10. Улаанбаатар, 2003. 93-109-р тал.

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